Orthodox Calendar 2025: A Comprehensive Guide
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Orthodox Calendar 2025: A Comprehensive Guide
The Orthodox calendar, also known as the Eastern Orthodox calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church and some other Eastern Christian churches. It is based on the Julian calendar, which was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and has a different set of feast days and saints’ days than the Gregorian calendar, which is used by most of the world today.
The Orthodox calendar is divided into two parts: the fixed cycle and the movable cycle. The fixed cycle consists of the same feasts and saints’ days every year, while the movable cycle consists of feasts and saints’ days that change from year to year. The movable cycle is based on the date of Easter, which is calculated using the Julian calendar.
Fixed Cycle
The fixed cycle of the Orthodox calendar includes the following feasts and saints’ days:
- January 1: Circumcision of the Lord
- January 6: Epiphany
- February 2: Presentation of the Lord
- March 25: Annunciation
- April 7: Palm Sunday
- April 8: Holy Monday
- April 9: Holy Tuesday
- April 10: Holy Wednesday
- April 11: Maundy Thursday
- April 12: Good Friday
- April 13: Holy Saturday
- April 14: Easter Sunday
- May 27: Ascension
- June 9: Pentecost
- August 6: Transfiguration
- August 15: Dormition of the Theotokos
- September 8: Nativity of the Theotokos
- September 14: Exaltation of the Holy Cross
- October 26: Demetrios of Thessaloniki
- November 1: All Saints Day
- November 21: Presentation of the Theotokos
- December 6: Saint Nicholas Day
- December 25: Nativity of Christ
Movable Cycle
The movable cycle of the Orthodox calendar includes the following feasts and saints’ days:
- Easter: The date of Easter is calculated using the Julian calendar, and it can fall anywhere between March 22 and April 25.
- Ascension: Ascension is celebrated 40 days after Easter.
- Pentecost: Pentecost is celebrated 50 days after Easter.
- Dormition of the Theotokos: The Dormition of the Theotokos is celebrated on August 15.
- Nativity of the Theotokos: The Nativity of the Theotokos is celebrated on September 8.
- Exaltation of the Holy Cross: The Exaltation of the Holy Cross is celebrated on September 14.
Differences Between the Orthodox Calendar and the Gregorian Calendar
The Orthodox calendar differs from the Gregorian calendar in the following ways:
- The Orthodox calendar is based on the Julian calendar, while the Gregorian calendar is based on the Gregorian calendar.
- The Orthodox calendar has a different set of feast days and saints’ days than the Gregorian calendar.
- The Orthodox calendar does not observe the leap year, which means that it is always one day behind the Gregorian calendar.
Conclusion
The Orthodox calendar is a complex and fascinating liturgical calendar that is used by the Eastern Orthodox Church and some other Eastern Christian churches. It is based on the Julian calendar and has a different set of feast days and saints’ days than the Gregorian calendar. The Orthodox calendar is a valuable resource for those who want to learn more about the history and traditions of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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